15 best private browsers to use in 2025

Privacy newsTips & tricks
31 mins
Padlock with browser UI.

When you browse the web, your privacy is at stake. Trackers, cookies, and fingerprinting techniques allow companies to collect your personal data for profit. Hackers also exploit browser vulnerabilities to steal sensitive information. Choosing the best browser for privacy is crucial to safeguard your online identity. 

In this article, we rank the best and worst browsers for privacy in 2024. Through extensive research and testing, we assess each browser’s approach to blocking trackers, preventing fingerprinting, and ensuring secure browsing. Whether you prioritize anonymity or seek a balance of privacy and usability, our recommendations will help you make an informed choice.

While private browsers offer some privacy, they can’t match the protection of a VPN like ExpressVPN. Private browsers often hide activity on your device but may still expose your IP address and location. ExpressVPN encrypts all your internet traffic and masks your online identity, giving you complete privacy and security across every app and browser.

 

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Best (and worst) browsers for privacy and security in 2024

15. Microsoft Edge
14. SeaMonkey
13. Apple Safari
12. Google Chrome
11. Waterfox
10. GNU IceCat
9. Iridium
8. Opera
7. Vivaldi
6. Pale Moon
5. LibreWolf
4. Chromium
3. Brave
2. Mozilla Firefox
1. Tor Browser
Honorable mention: DuckDuckGo


Best browsers for privacy in 2025

15. Best private browser for Windows users: Microsoft Edge

Microsoft Edge logo.

✓ Chromium-based
✓ Partially open-source
✗ Collects user data

Microsoft has been keen to make Edge the browser of choice among Windows users, having retired Internet Explorer. Since its launch in 2015, Edge has expanded beyond Windows 10 to more operating systems, including Mac, Android, and iOS.

Microsoft clearly wants this browser to have the edge over its predecessor in terms of page load speeds, but what about its security and privacy?

The good

This year Microsoft made a significant shift in Edge’s design—as of January 2020, the browser is Chromium-based, which means part of its code is open-source. The browser itself updates its software at least once a week, mainly consisting of security updates. We can’t overstate enough how important it is to update your apps and devices even if it’s tedious to do so. It’s good to see that Edge is coming out with regular updates to patch security issues.

Microsoft has also rolled out Automatic Profile Switching, which is supposed to help switch between your work and non-work accounts easily.  Additionally, Edge offers some basic privacy features like the ability to block pop-ups and send “Do Not Track” requests. It also runs in a sandbox environment to minimize the risk of malicious sites affecting users.

The bad

However, Edge is only updated twice a year, which is infrequent compared to other modern browsers that receive updates monthly. This is concerning given how rapidly malware, scams, and privacy violations evolve. The limited extension support in Edge, while reducing the risk of installing malicious extensions, is also an inconvenience for users.

Another fundamental flaw in Edge’s security recently came to light when security researchers revealed that Edge “send[s] persistent identifiers than can be used to link requests (and associated IP address/location) to backend servers.”

A company spokeswoman told ZDNet that “Microsoft Edge sends diagnostic data used for product improvement purposes, which includes a device identifier. On Windows, this identifier enables a single-click ability to delete the related diagnostic data associated with the device ID stored on Microsoft servers at any time (from Windows settings), something which is not offered by all vendors.”

She added: “Microsoft Edge asks for permission to collect diagnostic data for product improvement purposes and provides the capability to turn it off at any later point. This diagnostic data may contain information about websites you visit. However, it is not used to track your browsing history or URLs specifically tied to you.”

Regardless, such data collection can reveal much about the user’s identity, and not much can really be done about it. Furthermore, as both of Microsoft’s browsers are closed-source, there’s no telling what types of surveillance widgets might lurk within them.

You can see more on what Edge collects here, but the fact that the browser can identify your device alone is worrisome, and we’d avoid using it.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

14. Best private browser for comprehensive features: Mozilla SeaMonkey

SeaMonkey suite logo.

✓ Browser and email client in one
✗ Occasionally resource-heavy

Unlike other entries on this list, SeaMonkey is a full suite of programs that include a browser, mail client, and WYSIWYG HTML editor. It is a community-driven project that was originally based on the now-defunct Mozilla Application Suite. SeaMonkey was established in 2005 after Mozilla began developing Firefox and Thunderbird email client.

The good

It’s a one-stop shop for browsing the internet that’s designed to be speedy and feature-rich. This includes built-in pop-up blockers and auto cookie clearing after each session. It is also generally seen as quite safe.

The bad

It’s quite clunky to use. Also, security updates must be performed manually which may be quite a bit of hassle. SeaMonkey may also have some issues detecting and blocking ransomware.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

13. Apple Safari

Apple Safari logo.

✓ Runs pages in a sandbox
✓ Stops malicious code accessing user data
✗ Not open-source

Safari is only available on Apple products now, but for a short while it was found on PCs. Safari is the default browser for Mac, but like Microsoft’s Edge it plays second fiddle to Google Chrome in its popularity.

The good

Safari prevents suspicious sites from loading and alerts you to the potential danger. By running web pages in a sandbox, Safari also prevents malicious code on one page from affecting the entire browser or accessing your data.

Safari offers a range of useful extensions to safeguard your privacy. It has features like a password generator that creates long randomized passwords, and a private browsing mode that uses DuckDuckGo by default. DuckDuckGo is an anonymized, privacy-oriented alternative to Google that doesn’t track you the same way.

In the few years since Safari’s Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP) feature launched, the browser appears to have prevented websites from tracking users, making it difficult for advertisers to target. It also helps camouflage digital fingerprinting and prevents third-party sites from leaving data in your cache by default, helping you stay anonymous online. In addition, Safari offers a range of useful extensions to safeguard your privacy.

The bad

Like Chrome and Edge, Safari is not open-source, so outsiders can’t scrutinize any of its code. Safari updates are offered at very irregular intervals, which is surprising given that it’s made by the world’s largest technology company. When compared with its rivals, Safari updates much more slowly. Mac users are arguably exposed to fewer internet vulnerabilities than PC users, but the lower frequency is still troubling.

Researchers from Google’s Information Security Engineering team recently found several security issues in the above-mentioned ITP anti-tracking system, claiming ITP actually leaks Safari users’ web-browsing habits. Some of these issues were addressed in later Apple security updates, but that may not be enough to quell suspicions of the browser.

While Safari’s private browsing mode aims to protect user privacy, Apple has been caught collecting browsing history even when the feature is enabled. Until Apple addresses these issues, users should be cautious about relying solely on Safari’s private mode for sensitive browsing.

Would we recommend this browser? Not until we see an open-source version, and even then maybe not.

12. Best private browser for Android users: Google Chrome

Chrome browser logo.

✓ Automatic updates
✓ Partially open-source
✗ Tracks a great deal of user data

Over a decade has passed since the launch of Google Chrome, and it has since become the undisputed leader in browser market share, at almost 80%. Given its reputation for speed and the prevalence of Google services in our lives (web search, YouTube, Gmail, Google Docs, etc.), it’s no surprise Chrome has become the most widely used web browser today. But how does it perform on your privacy and security?

The good

In addition to leading its competitors in update frequency and scanning for harmful downloads, Google automatically updates Chrome to the latest version every six to eight weeks, ensuring its users are always enjoying the latest browsing features. Part of its code is also open-source, which allows users to scrutinize, and also adopt, parts of its code.

Google has also encouraged hackers to find vulnerabilities in its own browser so the company can improve its product.

The bad

While the browser does offer the usual pop-up blocker and allows users to send a “do not track” request along with their browser traffic (which, by the way, does very little to stop sites from tracking you), one simply cannot ignore that Chrome belongs to the company that makes millions from knowing everything about you.

From automatically signing you in to the browser to a fishy location history policy, Google seems to be developing the habit of rolling out something unpopular before reeling it back in another update. There are ways around this, but Google is still using Chrome to learn about you and then monetizing that information.

Google did announce that they would eventually force third-party cookies to identify themselves on Chrome, but no word on when that will happen, nor whether this would actually stop trackers.

Chrome also boasts an extensive library of browser extensions, which offer a range of additional functionalities but at the cost of reduced privacy. Furthermore, since Chrome is a closed-source browser, no one can crack it open to see what (if anything) is hidden in the code. That said, this is no problem if you trust Google’s stance on privacy, and there is also an open-sourced version of Chrome available.

Would we recommend this browser? Not unless you want Google tracking everything, no.

11. Best private browser for Firefox enthusiasts: Waterfox

Waterfox browser logo.

✓ No telemetry
✓ Highly customizable
✗ Owned by an advertising company

As the name would suggest, Waterfox is based on Firefox. The philosophy behind Waterfox is the goal of achieving a balance between privacy and useability. As stated on the Waterfox website: “Too much focus on privacy and the web becomes too broken to use. Too little and data leakage happens.” Waterfox has been designed so that only users know what they are doing inside their browsers.

The good

As a Firefox fork, Waterfox is compatible with all Firefox add-ons and themes. Further, like other forks of Firefox, it is easily customizable and offers decent privacy. Waterfox uses the same Gecko web rendering engine as Firefox and includes a clear, reassuring privacy policy.

The browser’s Enhanced Tracking Protection is identical to Firefox’s, which claims to protect against social media trackers, cross-site tracking cookies, fingerprinters, crypto miners, and trackers hidden in ads, videos, and other content. It also syncs data across devices and uses Oblivious DNS to hide website requests from ISPs.

The bad

As of late 2019, Waterfox is owned by an advertising company called System1. What that means for the browser still remains to be seen. Additionally, Waterfox is updated less frequently than Firefox, so it might not be the most secure browser.

Also, Waterfox’s webpage data runs through Google’s SafeBrowsing service, although you can opt out of this if you wish. Despite the browser’s claim of fingerprinting protection, the EFF’s Cover Your Tracks test reports a unique fingerprint with Waterfox’s default privacy setting.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

10. Best private browser for Free Software Advocates: GNU IceCat

GNU IceCat browser logo.

✓ No telemetry
✓ Improvement on Chromium base
✗ Infrequent updates

The GNUzilla IceCat project is part of the GNU Project and has been developed as an entirely free version of Firefox. To clarify, Firefox and its source code from the Mozilla project are free to access and modify, but there are some limitations involved that are affected by the third freedom of the Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software.

The good

As mentioned above, IceCat is part of the GNU Project and thus carries that spirit over to the browser. IceCat is privacy forward, and it has ad blockers and open-source features alternative to those of Firefox enabled by default.

The bad

IceCat releases seem to be intermittent, and compatibility for add-ons and themes may not be fully supported. There also seems to be an issue with bloatware included with the browser, which presents a mild inconvenience to completely remove.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

9. Best private browser for enhanced security: Iridium

Iridium browser logo.

✓ No telemetry
✓ Improvement on Chromium base
✗ Infrequent updates

Iridium is a Chromium-based browser that describes itself as a “browser securing your privacy.” 

The good

Heaps of great privacy features including: No telemetry, third-party cookies blocked by default, site data is purged at the end of each session, password storage disabled by default, and autofill disabled by default. Iridium has been designed to be more secure than a degoogled Chromium browser and is also compatible with a variety of Chrome extensions. It’s Git repositories are available for public scrutiny.

The bad

Updates are few and far between and must be applied manually, which can be cumbersome. It can also be buggy at times with compatibility issues with plugins on certain sites.

Would we recommend this browser? Maybe.

Iridium Browser download

8. Best private browser with built-in features: Opera

Opera browser logo.

✓ Built-in ad blocker
✓ Chromium-based
✗ Built-in VPN logs usage

The creator of the CSS web standard, Hakon Wium Lie, developed Opera in 1995. Over the years, Opera has adopted much of Chromium’s open-source code into its software, which allows for greater scrutiny and has contributed to its reputation as a popular privacy-oriented browser.

The good

The Opera browser has a built-in ad blocker and uses a tracker blocker that takes from the EasyPrivacy Tracking Protection List, which can help protect users from seeing ads and being tracked by advertisers and other websites.

Opera continues to push the boundaries with unique features like a free built-in VPN, Opera GX gaming browser, and the latest Opera One with tile-like tab management, an AI chat sidebar, and a multithreaded compositor for faster rendering.

Opera also provides protection against web tracking, as validated by the EFF’s Cover Your Tracks test. However, it lacks specific anti-fingerprinting features, which means it presents a unique fingerprint.

The bad

Despite its feature set, Opera shares some drawbacks common in mainstream browsers. Its default window caches user data, a practice that can be adjusted in settings for enhanced privacy. Moreover, the opt-out approach to privacy settings may not suit everyone, particularly those who prefer a more straightforward, privacy-by-default browsing experience.

Opera’s ownership and the implications for privacy have also stirred concerns. Acquired in 2016 by a company based in a country known for privacy issues, and coupled with the VPN’s logging practices, users should exercise caution and consider their privacy needs when choosing Opera.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

7. Best private browser for customization: Vivaldi

Vivaldi browser logo.

✓ Highly customizable
✓ Chromium-based
✗ Minor telemetry issues

Co-founded by Jon Stephenson von Tezchner (the co-founder and ex-CEO of Opera) Vivaldi was developed with the tech-skewed in mind—with an additional emphasis on ex-Opera users who weren’t enamored of the browser’s changes over time.

The good

Vivaldi offers unparalleled customization, allowing users to modify nearly every aspect of the interface. It includes built-in blockers for ads and trackers, and uses DuckDuckGo as the default search engine in incognito mode. As a Chromium-based browser, it is compatible with Chrome extensions.

Vivaldi provides additional privacy by disabling the Idle API to prevent behavioral tracking and potential keyloggers. The EFF’s Cover Your Tracks test indicated strong protection against web tracking with Vivaldi’s tracking protection enabled, although a unique fingerprint was still detectable.

The bad

Despite strong tracking protection, the EFF’s Cover Your Tracks test detected a unique fingerprint for Vivaldi. The browser’s privacy policy also outlines minor telemetry issues, stating that a unique user ID, version, CPU architecture, screen resolution, and time since the last message are sent to Vivaldi’s Iceland-based servers every 24 hours.

Vivaldi claims to anonymize user IP addresses by removing the last octet and storing only the approximate location for determining the total number of active users and their geographical distribution. However, this data collection may still raise privacy concerns for some users.

Would we recommend this browser? No.

6. Best private browser for legacy Firefox add-ons: Pale Moon

Pale Moon browser logo.

✓ Designed for useability
✓ Open source
✗ Compatibility issues

Another Firefox fork, the Pale Moon web browser has been developed with a focus on customization and ease of use. It has also been developed to support add-ons that are no longer supported by Firefox.  

The good

Pale Moon is designed with useability in mind with a no frills approach. In other words, Pale Moon has been designed to eschew bloatware. Further, as a Firefox fork it is compatible with Firefox add-ons and themes. It is also highly customizable, with their motto being: “Your browser, your way.”

The bad

Updates are few and far between. In terms of its no-frills approach, you may find that support for certain types of streaming video to be an issue.

Would we recommend this browser? Maybe. If anything, it would serve great as an extra browser.

Pale Moon Browser download

5. Best private browser for effortless privacy: LibreWolf

LibreWolf browser logo.

✓ Tailored for privacy

That’s right, we’ve got another Firefox fork coming at you! LibreWolf, as the name would imply, is a browser that’s focused on privacy, security, and freedom. While it sports a minimalist interface with standard features like bookmarks, tabs, and browsing history, don’t let its simplicity fool you – this browser packs a punch when it comes to protecting your online privacy.

The good

LibreWolf is a pretty decent privacy-focused browser with a host of great features. With no telemetry, built-in ad blocking, and a firewall, you can browse the web without worrying about being tracked. It also defaults to privacy-conscious search engines like DuckDuckGo, Searx, and Qwant, with DuckDuckGo being the primary choice.

What’s more, LibreWolf comes with the uBlock anti-tracking extension pre-installed, giving you an extra layer of protection right out of the box. It even goes the extra mile by disabling Google Safe Browsing, a feature that’s enabled in standard Firefox, to ensure that no data is sent to external servers.

But don’t just take our word for it – LibreWolf has received top marks on PrivacyTests.org and demonstrated strong protection against web tracking in the EFF’s Cover Your Tracks fingerprinting test. And, with great community support and an open-source codebase, you can trust that LibreWolf will continue to evolve and improve over time.

The bad

Nothing comes to mind.

Would we recommend this browser? Yes!

LibreWolf Browser download

4. Best private browser for a ‘DeGoogled’ experience: Chromium

Chromium browser logo.

✓ Completely open source
✗ Lacks official builds

Initially developed by Google, Chromium is a free and open-source codebase that serves as the framework for a wide variety of browsers such as Chrome, Vivaldi, Edge, Opera, and Brave. There is no official Chromium build from Google and any release using this name or logo is done so by third parties such as The Chromium Projects

The good

Chromium is essentially a degoogled Chrome as it does not rely on Google web services. It is lightweight, minimal, and free from trackers. While Chromium has connections to Google, the tech giant does not control how others use Chromium’s open-source code, so it’s not necessarily subject to the company’s data-gathering methods.

The bad

Aside from a few extra steps in installing and setting it up, Chromium is also a less polished browser, and you will need to do quite a lot of manual work to customize it and make it run smoothly. You will also have to invest more time in learning its functionalities and finding out the most recent updates and risks.

The frequency of Chromium’s updates is unmatched, with a new one being released every day. This is great for patching up vulnerabilities as soon as they emerge, but the updates require manual installation, which means that end-users must be vigilant to stay as secure as possible.

Moreover, many malicious Chromium-based browsers are available online. They might infect you with malware, steal your browsing data, and flood you with pop-ups and unwanted redirects. If your browser is acting suspiciously, it’s important to take steps to uninstall any potential Chromium malware.

Would we recommend this browser? If you can handle making a few tweaks here and there, yes!

Chromium Browser download

3. Best private browser for privacy and speed: Brave

Brave browser logo.

✓ Built-in ad blocker
✓ Customizable privacy settings
✗ Tor tab doesn’t meet Tor’s privacy standards

Brave was founded in 2016 by Brenden Eich, the former Mozilla head who also created JavaScript. While relatively new on the scene, Brave packs quite a punch in its fast-performing, privacy-focused, and minimalistic design. Having moved on from perpetual beta to a fully-fledged browser, it’s set to show us how it fares as a privacy-oriented product.

The good

Brave has several features that keep your browsing activity private, with a default ad blocker that also stops ads from tracking your online behavior, as well as a function to secure unencrypted sites with HTTPS when necessary.

Brave’s security settings allow you to select what data you want to delete whenever you close the app, block fingerprinting attempts, and keep scripts from loading. Brave settings provide plenty of ways to customize your browsing experience to be as secure as you want it.

In December 2018, Brave fully transitioned to the Chromium codebase, making it easier for users to carry over their Chrome extensions—though they should be wary of what data third-party extensions collect. What’s more, Brave has gone a step further by removing certain Google integrations and other code from the original Chromium to enhance privacy. This includes account integration, background sync, and inline extensions.

The browser also boasts advanced privacy features such as aggressive tracker-blocking, ad-blocking, and anti-fingerprinting capabilities. Notably, Brave’s fingerprinting protections randomize browser feature outputs to prevent device identification.

The bad

Brave’s new Tor tab may be private, but it falls short of Tor’s own privacy standards with a customizable window size that could be used to fingerprint your browsing. Additionally, some users have reported issues related to the compute resources used by Brave, which could be a concern for those who prioritize efficiency and performance in their browser.

The questionable

Brave has taken a unique approach to advertising by launching its own ad program in April 2019. While this move attracted some criticism, Brave’s advertising model aims to redefine web commerce and user engagement with ads. Users can opt-in to view privacy-protecting ads and earn cryptocurrency (BAT – Basic Attention Tokens) as a reward. These ads appear as push notifications, which can be disabled at any time.

Brave’s cryptocurrency, called the Basic Attention Token (or BAT), does allow users to anonymously pay publishers for their content through micro-donations and get a percentage of it back.

A Brave developer has told ExpressVPN that 300 million BAT has been placed into a User Growth Pool to distribute to Brave users monthly as free grants and referral rewards, although this in itself seems to be a work in progress. The inclusion of a cryptocurrency within a browser is certainly novel, but it looks like it will take some time before it starts functioning as intended.

The company also recently faced controversy when it was discovered that the browser autocompleted URLs with affiliate links without users’ explicit consent. This practice raised questions about transparency and trust, as it seemed to go against Brave’s mission of prioritizing user privacy, leading to concerns about the company’s culture and values.

Would we recommend this browser? Yes, although be wary of using their BAT currency.

Brave Browser download

2. Best private browser for beginner privacy: Mozilla Firefox

FireFox browser logo.

✓ Open-source
✓ Highly customizable privacy settings
✓ Lightweight

Of all the browsers featured in this ranking, Firefox is the only one that is developed by a nonprofit organization, Mozilla. The browser is well known for its customizability and has long been a favored alternative to its brethren from Google, Microsoft, and Apple.

The good

Mozilla Firefox is regularly updated with the latest security and browsing features, despite not being as frequent as Google Chrome. One of its key features is the Enhanced Tracking Protection, which blocks various trackers, including social media and cross-site tracking cookies. It also offers a “strict” mode for aggressive tracking prevention, enhancing user privacy at the potential cost of breaking some sites.

Firefox has adopted techniques from Tor to block browser fingerprinting, an increasingly common type of tracking, and sends DNS queries to a secure resolver service. It has also introduced the Encrypted Client Hello feature, which encrypts parts of the connection process for added privacy.

Accessibility is another focus of Firefox, making it a suitable choice for users with disabilities. It offers a range of security features, including phishing and malware protection, blocking reported attack sites, and warning users about sites trying to install add-ons. Firefox is relatively lightweight compared to its competitors and features “Content Blocking” to block all detected trackers. It also allows users to compartmentalize their browsers, preventing platforms like Facebook from tracking activity outside of their platform.

Uniquely, Firefox is the only widely used web browser that is completely open-source, allowing anyone to examine its source code for potential tracking software, adding a layer of trust and security. While it emphasizes its default settings and strong privacy protection, Firefox also allows detailed customization of privacy and security settings, including blocking cookies and third-party trackers.

Firefox offers a variety of security-focused add-ons, such as ad-blockers and password managers, to enhance browsing safety. Mobile users can benefit from Firefox Focus, a privacy browser for Android and iOS with automatic tracker-blocking and ad-blocking, designed for a more private mobile browsing experience.

The bad

Firefox is a robust, secure, and private browser, you just need to manually customize its settings. Having said that, there has been some recent controversy with Firefox sending user queries to Mozilla servers. Mozilla has since clarified that this is an “opt-in experience” designed to provide more personalized ads and suggestions.

Some users have also raised concerns about data collection through Firefox’s telemetry and Pocket features. However, both can be disabled in the browser’s settings if you prefer not to have any browsing data sent to Mozilla.

Would we recommend this browser? Yes.

Firefox Browser download

1. Best private browser for maximum anonymity: Tor Browser

Tor browser logo.

✓ Hard to track and trace traffic
✗ Law enforcement wary of Tor users

Developed by The Tor Project in 2002, and based on Firefox’s browser, Tor Browser was built for users to access the internet anonymously via the Tor network. Your activity and identity are masked by Tor, which encrypts your traffic in at least three layers by “bouncing your communications around a distributed network of relays” selected from thousands of volunteer computers.

Read: A beginner’s guide to Tor

The good

Most of Tor’s updates follow Firefox’s bug fixes and security patches. These frequent updates, which align with Firefox’s update schedule, are incredibly important to prevent anyone from exploiting bugs and security flaws in older versions of the Tor Browser, ensuring the browser remains secure against potential vulnerabilities.

The Tor Browser’s privacy is aided very much by its security—no one watching your connection can track your internet activity, nor can they identify you unless you explicitly identify yourself. Additionally, Tor does not track your browsing history and clears your cookies after every session. Tor also protects users from sites that try to fingerprint browsing history with its integration of NoScript. Based on tests of unique browser fingerprinting, only Tor can reduce the uniqueness of your fingerprint.

The process of bouncing your data through several relays makes it incredibly difficult for anyone to trace you and your activity. It’s not completely secure, as an FBI bust on the infamous Silk Road marketplace proved, but unless you’re running a high-profile and illegal operation on the Tor network, it’s unlikely that resources will be spent tracking down your browsing habits.

Another unique aspect of the Tor Browser is its ability to access not just the standard web but also the deep and dark web through its onion protocol, which can be important for users seeking anonymity beyond standard browsing. Furthermore, the browser’s default search engine, DuckDuckGo, enhances user privacy by not logging or storing search queries.

Read more: The best onion sites on the dark web

The bad

The Tor browser may actually be secure to a fault: Internet speed is likely to be affected as it routes traffic over three different hops through the Tor network, and it may break some sites because of its NoScript feature. Additionally, setting Tor to its highest privacy settings, such as disabling JavaScript, can affect the functionality of many websites, highlighting the trade-off between security and usability.

Be aware that law enforcement and ISPs can see who uses Tor, even if they don’t know what you’re doing on it. For maximum security, consider running Tor on the Tails operating system, which leaves no trace and enhances privacy even further. Alternatively, connect to a VPN first, and then start up the browser for increased anonymity.

Read more: How to combine Tor with a VPN

Would we recommend this browser? Yes. Just be careful about how you use it, like with any other browser.

Tor Browser download

While even the best private browsers, like Tor, offer strong anonymity, they aren’t foolproof. Adding a VPN like ExpressVPN can further enhance your security by encrypting all your internet traffic and masking your IP address from anyone monitoring your network. This added protection ensures your online activity stays private and secure, even when using privacy-focused browsers.

 

Get ExpressVPN

 

Honorable mention: DuckDuckGo

DuckDuckGo logo.

✓ Excellent privacy
✗ Search results can be a bit broad

DuckDuckGo is a popular privacy-focused search engine that offers robust features to protect user privacy. While DuckDuckGo isn’t strictly a browser, it provides the DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials plugin for Chrome, Chromium-based browsers, Firefox, and related browser types. This plugin sets DuckDuckGo as the default search engine and blocks hidden trackers on websites. The plugin also forces HTTPS connections and provides a privacy score for sites visited.

In addition to the plugin, DuckDuckGo offers a mobile browser for Android and iOS, making it accessible across different operating systems. The mobile browser includes email protection settings, AI experiments, website protection and blockers, and web encryption. It also features automatic cookie consent management and supports the Global Privacy Control standard. Another notable feature is the Duck Player, which allows for ad-free YouTube video playback.

Despite its strong privacy features, some users have noted that search results can be a bit broad compared to other search engines. The browser’s design elements have also been described as bland by some users. Additionally, there have been complaints of censorship, which DuckDuckGo has denied.

Would we recommend DuckDuckGo? Absolutely.


Browser privacy showdown: a head-to-head comparison

BrowserOpen SourceBuilt-in Privacy FeaturesTelemetry/Data CollectionUpdatesRecommendation
Tor BrowserYesMultiple encryption layers, NoScript, No tracking, Access to deep/dark webNoneFrequentYes
Mozilla FirefoxYesPhishing & malware protection, Tracking protection, Encrypted Client HelloOptional telemetryRegularYes
BraveYesAd-blocker, HTTPS upgrade, Tracker blocking, Anti-fingerprinting, Tor tabMinor telemetryFrequentYes
Google ChromeNoPop-up blocker, Do not track request (ineffective)Extensive data trackingFrequentNo
Apple SafariNoSandboxing, Intelligent Tracking Prevention, Private modeCollects data in private modeIrregularNo
Microsoft EdgeNoChromium-based, Sandbox, Do Not Track requestsCollects significant dataIrregularNo

 

How your browser reveals your privacy to trackers

Every time you browse the web, you leave behind a trail of digital footprints that can be used to track and profile your online behavior. Websites employ various methods to collect data about your activities, interests, and identity, often without your explicit consent or knowledge.

Through the use of cookies – First-party cookies are set by the website you visit and can remember your preferences, login information, and browsing behavior on that particular site. However, third-party tracking cookies from advertising networks can follow you across multiple websites, collecting data on your browsing habits.

IP address tracking – Whenever you interact with a website, your IP address is automatically identified, allowing tracking tools to record your movements across the web. IP tracking can extract information like your location, company, and contact details from public databases, even without the use of cookies.

Browser fingerprinting – Websites can identify and track you based on your browser’s unique configuration settings, such as screen size, installed fonts, plugins, and more. This technique creates a distinctive profile that can follow you across different websites, making it difficult to hide or change your identity online.

Location tracking – Websites can request access to your precise geolocation through your browser or infer your general location from your IP address. This location data is valuable for serving localized content and advertisements tailored to your area.

User-agent tracking – Your browser sends details about your device and software in the user-agent string with every request, which can be used to profile and identify you.

Nearly every aspect of your interaction with a website can be tracked and analyzed, including your clicks, navigation patterns, location, IP address, and browser details. This data is pieced together to form a comprehensive picture of your online behavior and interests, primarily for targeted advertising purposes.

The best browser add-ons for privacy and security

If you don’t want to give up Chrome (or another browser we gave a poor ranking to) but still want to improve your privacy and security, here are a few browser extensions that will serve you well:

uBlock Origin

Though commonly used for blocking ads, uBlock Origin also blocks trackers and other content—with plenty of room to customize your own filter list—all while conserving CPU and memory efficiency.

Privacy Badger

The Electronic Frontier Foundation’s Privacy Badger blocks third-party trackers. Note that Privacy Badger only blocks trackers, not ads; one of their goals is to incentivize more advertisers to prioritize your privacy.

ExpressVPN’s browser extensions

Okay, we’re obviously biased here. But not for nothing: ExpressVPN’s browser extensions for Chrome,Firefox, and Edge go beyond VPN protection with location spoofing and WebRTC blocking.

 

Get ExpressVPN

Tips for safe browsing

A secure web browser is an excellent privacy tool, but it isn’t everything. No matter which browser you end up using, consider these tips for safe browsing:

Think twice about storing passwords in your browser

Many modern browsers offer to save your passwords and autofill them later. It’s a convenient feature, but it’s not quite as secure as using a dedicated password manager.

That’s because browsers often don’t require you to authenticate before accessing saved passwords. They’re also more prone to malware that can extract passwords from your browser’s storage.

Consider using multiple browsers

Many of the browsers above offer anti-tracking features, and they work great. But if you really want to take matters into your own hands, try using two different browsers: one for casual web browsing, and one for logging into social media and other sites that are known to track you (like Facebook and Google).

If you’re using Firefox, you can also use an add-on to compartmentalize your browsing within a single browser.

Restrict tracking with browser settings

Cookies can be useful for remembering preferences, but they also allow sites to track you across the web. For more privacy, consider disabling third-party cookies or even all cookies in your browser settings.

Search engines like Google can also gather a lot of data about you from your searches. Delete your search history and voice search data periodically, especially if you’ve searched for sensitive topics.

Keep your browser collection lean

Having multiple browsers installed, especially old and unused ones, expands your attack surface. Uninstall browsers you no longer need, as outdated software can have unpatched vulnerabilities that hackers could exploit.

Cultivate good browsing habits

We can fall into bad habits online without realizing it – procrastinating on browser updates, mindlessly clicking links, using weak or recycled passwords. Make a conscious effort to break these habits. Keep your browser updated, think before you click, and use strong, unique passwords.

Know the limits of “private browsing” mode

Most browsers offer a “private browsing” (a.k.a. “incognito”) mode that doesn’t save your browsing history. This hides your activity from people who use your device, but it does NOT hide your activity from:

  • Websites you visit
  • Your network operator (e.g. your school or work)
  • Your ISP

Even when you use private browsing mode, websites you visit will still see your IP address, and third parties like your Wi-Fi network operator and your ISP will still see what websites you visit.

If you want to hide your IP address from websites, and hide your browsing activity from your ISP, you’ll need one final tool in your belt…

Use a VPN for added privacy

Many of the browsers we’ve listed here will give you a secure and private browsing experience, but the best way to protect all of your traffic—including all the other apps on your device that use the internet—is to use a VPN.
Instead of fiddling with customized browser settings, all you need to do is hit “connect,” and let our VPN safeguard your privacy and security as you enjoy the internet—from any device.

 

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